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Mary Kardash (born Mary Kostaniuk in Winnipeg, 1913) was a prominent and long-time Communist and feminist activist in Canada.〔(PROPAGANDA AND PERSUASION IN THE COLD WAR: THE CANADIAN SOVIET FRIENDSHIP SOCIETY, 1949-1960 ), J Anderson, PhD thesis, Carleton University, 2008〕 ==Biography== Kardash was of Ukrainian Canadian background. Her parents were both active in the Ukrainian Labour-Farmer Temple Association (ULFTA, a left-wing organization within the Ukrainian Canadian community) and her father was a Communist organiser. Mary herself was active in the ULFTA's youth movement and worked as a YCL organiser. She was active in the Communist Party's predecessor, the Labour-Progressive Party, before becoming "an important () Party worker in Manitoba".〔''Dreams of Equality: Women on the Canadian Left, 1920-1950'', by Joan Sangster〕 Kardash became secretary of the Winnipeg branch of the Canadian-Soviet Friendly Society.〔〔 She travelled to Moscow in 1949 as part of the Canadian delegation from the Congress of Canadian Women to the Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF), a post-war international for Communist bloc country's women's organizations.〔〔''Champagne and Meatballs: Adventures of a Canadian Communist'', by Bert Whyte & Larry Hannant〕 As one of a group of long-lived Winnipeg communist municipal politicians,〔''A Female Economy: Women's Work in a Prairie Province, 1870-1970'' by Mary Kinnear, McGill-Queen's University Press, p. 153〕 after several attempts, Kardash was first elected to the Winnipeg school board in 1960, and she served as a member intermittently until 1986,〔''Joe Zuken, Citizen and Socialist'' by Doug Smith〕 being elected as a Communist Party of Canada candidate. She supported radical reform and particularly programs to support aboriginal children,〔 notably during a period of Conservative rule in Manitoba from the late 1970s.〔''Making a Difference in Urban Schools: Ideas, Politics and Pedagogy'' by Jane Stobo Gaskell & Ben Levin, University of Toronto Press. p. 54〕 It was her retirement from the Winnipeg school board in the late 1980s that ended several decades of Communist representation in the city. Mary met her future husband, William Kardash, in 1939 and they married in March 1940,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=William Arthur Kardash (1912-1997) )〕 later having two children, Ted and Nancy.〔 Bill was also a Communist leader and represented the party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1941 to 1958. Mary ran in north Winnipeg as a Communist candidate for the Manitoba legislature in the 1973 provincial election, and for the Canadian House of Commons in the 1974 federal election, but won only a few hundred votes in both attempts. In the 1980s, Mary Kardash courted controversy by questioning the generally accepted account of Ukrainian famine and opposing a proposal that the history of the famine be included in the educational curriculum. The Communist Party acknowledged that many Ukrainians died by famine in the early 1930s, but they and she denied that Joseph Stalin's government was responsible for an act of genocide.〔http://ukrweekly.com/archive/1984/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1984-10.pdf〕 In the early 1990s, Mary and Bill Kardash resisted attempts to wind up the Communist Party of Canada.〔 Kardash died in the mid-1990s. The St. Cross Child Care Centre of Winnipeg was renamed the Mary Kardash Child Care Centre in her honour in 1995. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mary Kardash」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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